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Point Seroprevalence of Rinderpest Antibody in Cattle in Bangladesh

N.C. Debnath
Bangladesh Livestock Research lnstitute. Savar, Dhaka 1341. Bangladesh

J. McGrane
Present address: Overseas Development Administration (ODA), (Animal Health), London, UK.

B.K. Sil
Bangladesh Livestock Research lnstitute. Savar, Dhaka 1341. Bangladesh

S.A. Selim
Bangladesh Livestock Research lnstitute. Savar, Dhaka 1341. Bangladesh

M.J.F.A. Taimur
Bangladesh Livestock Research lnstitute. Savar, Dhaka 1341. Bangladesh

M.F. Mia
Bangladesh Livestock Research lnstitute. Savar, Dhaka 1341. Bangladesh

S.M.Z.H. Chowdhury
Bangladesh Livestock Research lnstitute. Savar, Dhaka 1341. Bangladesh

M.A.M. Prodhan
Bangladesh Livestock Research lnstitute. Savar, Dhaka 1341. Bangladesh

M.M.R. Howlader
Bangladesh Livestock Research lnstitute. Savar, Dhaka 1341. Bangladesh

M.F. Rahman
Bangladesh Livestock Research lnstitute. Savar, Dhaka 1341. Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A serological point prevalence survey for rinderpest (RP) antibody was carried out on 1337 cattle from 20 locations in Bangladesh between March 1987 and April 1988. The seroprevalence was 8.5% but varied from 0 to 36%, depending upon the area from which cattle were sampled. Additionally, there was a significantly (P<0.01) higher number of seropositive animals in cattle over 3 years of age than in cattle between 3 months and 3 years of age. The importance of the results in relation to national and regional rinderpest control programmes is discussed. If seronegativity indicates susceptibility, these -results show that the immune status of the national herd is inadequate to prevent a major epidemic.

Keywords: Cattle, Seroprevalence, Antibody,

Location: Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341. Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-03-1987

End Date: 00-04-1988

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

To estimate the seroprevalence of RP antibody in cattle in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Bangladesh is divided into districts which are subdivided into thanas; these are further subdivided into local government unions. For the purpose of the survey the international borders were divided into four fronts: north, south, east and west. Alternate districts were sampled, giving a total of 16. From the remaining central districts, four were selected at random by drawing names from a hat, giv- ing an overall total number of districts sampled of 20 (31 % of the total). In each district, one thana and one union within the thana were selected ran- domly by drawing names from a hat. The respective thana veterinary surgeons then organised RP vaccination campaigns for all cattle over the age of 3 months. The authors were present at each cattle assembly point. Prior to vaccination, 10 cc of blood were collected from the jugular vein of each animal into a plain siliconised evacuated blood collecting tube. The serum was harvested from each tube and frozen at - 20ºC in labelled cryotubes. For each sample the following data were recorded: bleeding site, date of collection, age as told by the farmer, and sex. Sampling took place from March 1987 to April 1988 and one sampling only was done in each area. The sera were sent to Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Woking, UK by air in polystyrene containers and kept chilled with dry ice. Sera were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the procedures to determine whether or not any detectable level of antibody to RP was present in individual serum samples. The data were analysed using x² test and a P value of less than 0.01 was considered statistically significant.

Source of Information: Preventive Veterinary Medicine 19 ( 1994) 145-149

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The veterinary authorities in Bangladesh expected the national RP control campaigns to result in a 60% herd immunity. The 8.5% im- munity revealed in the present study indicates the necessity to review all stages of the vaccination campaigns. If our findings are a true indication of herd im- munity, any introduction of RP could result in an epidemic similar to that of 1958. This possibility cannot be ruled out, as Bangladesh has a large border with India, where RP epidemics still occur with great severity and the movement of animals across the border is not stringently controlled. Based on the available evidence, the antigenicity of the vaccine is the least area of sus- picion. The vaccine in use raised neutralising antibodies in 81 % of vaccinated animals. Therefore, the most important area of investigation could be the preservation of the integrity of the vaccine from the point of manufacture to the site of inoculation.

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